In certain situations, which we will describe in Section IV below, we must obtain your written authorization in order to use and/or disclose your PHI. However, we do not need any type of authorization from you for the following uses and disclosures:
Uses and Disclosures for Treatment, Payment, and Healthcare Operations.
We may use and disclose PHI, but not your “Highly Confidential Information” (defined in Section IV. D below), in order to treat you, obtain payment for equipment and services provided to you, and conduct our “healthcare operations” as detailed below:Treatment. We use and disclose your PHI to provide treatment and other services to you—for example, to treat your injury or illness. In addition, we may contact you to provide appointment reminders or information about treatment alternatives or other health-related benefits and services that may be of interest to you. We may also disclose PHI to other providers involved in your treatment.
Payment. We may use and disclose your PHI to obtain payment for equipment and services that we provide to you—for example, disclosures to claim and obtain payment from your health insurer, HMO, or other company that arranges or pays the cost of some or all of your healthcare (“Your Payor”). We may also use and disclose your PHI to verify that Your Payor will pay for healthcare, including disclosures to Your Payor’s eligibility database.Healthcare Operations.We may use and disclose your PHI for our healthcare operations, which include internal administration and planning and various activities that improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of the care that we deliver to you. For example, we may use PHI to evaluate the quality and competence of our clinicians and other healthcare workers.
We may also disclose PHI to your other healthcare providers when such PHI is required for them to treat you, receive payment for services they render to you, or conduct certain healthcare operations, such as quality assessment and improvement activities, reviewing the quality and competence of healthcare professionals, or for healthcare fraud and abuse detection or compliance.
Disclosure to Relatives, Close Friends, and Other Caregivers.
We may use or disclose your PHI to a family member, other relative, a close personal friend, or any other person identified by you when you are present for, or otherwise available prior to, the disclosure, if we:
obtain your agreement;
provide you with the opportunity to object to the disclosure and you do not object;
reasonably infer that you do not object to the disclosure. If you are not present, or the opportunity to agree or object to a use or disclosure cannot practicably be provided because of your incapacity or an emergency circumstance, we may exercise our professional judgment to determine whether a disclosure is in your best interests. If we disclose information to a family member, other relative, or a close personal friend, we would disclose only information that we believe is directly relevant to the person’s involvement with your healthcare or payment related to your healthcare. We may also disclose your PHI in order to notify (or assist in notifying) such persons of your location, general condition, or death.
Public Health Activities.
We may disclose your PHI for the following public health activities:
to report health information to public health authorities for the purpose of preventing or controlling disease, injury, or disability;
to report child abuse and neglect to public health authorities or other government authorities authorized by law to receive such reports;
to report information about products and services under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration;
to alert a person who may have been exposed to a communicable disease or may otherwise be at risk of contracting or spreading a disease or condition; and
to report information to your employer as required under laws addressing work-related illnesses and injuries or workplace medical surveillance.
Victims of Abuse, Neglect, or Domestic Violence.
If we reasonably believe you are a victim of abuse, neglect, or domestic violence, we may disclose your PHI to a governmental authority, including a social service or protective services agency, authorized by law to receive reports of such abuse, neglect, or domestic violence.
Health Oversight Activities.
We may disclose your PHI to a health oversight agency that oversees the healthcare system and is charged with responsibility for ensuring compliance with the rules of government health programs such as Medicare or Medicaid.
Judicial and Administrative Proceedings.
We may disclose your PHI in the course of a judicial or administrative proceeding in response to a legal order or other lawful process.
Law Enforcement Officials.
We may disclose your PHI to the police or other law enforcement officials as required or permitted by law or in compliance with a court order or a grand jury or administrative subpoena.
Decedents.
We may disclose your PHI to a coroner or medical examiner as authorized by law.
Organ and Tissue Procurement.
We may disclose your PHI to organizations that facilitate organ, eye, or tissue procurement, banking, or transplantation.
Research.
We may use or disclose your PHI without your consent or authorization if an Institutional Review Board or Privacy Board approves a waiver of authorization for disclosure.
Health or Safety.
We may use or disclose your PHI to prevent or lessen a serious and imminent threat to a person’s or the public’s health or safety.
Specialized Government Functions.
We may use and disclose your PHI to units of the government with special functions, such as the U. S. military or the U. S. Department of State under certain circumstances.
Workers’ Compensation.
We may disclose your PHI as authorized by and to the extent necessary to comply with state law relating to workers’ compensation or other similar programs.
As Required by Law.
We may use and disclose your PHI when required to do so by any other law not already referred to in the preceding categories.